The Logos Scripture · The Book of Schopenhauer

On Compassion

The Book of Schopenhauer 5 · Written by himself, from The World as Will and Representation and the Parerga

Arthur Schopenhauer, born at Danzig in 1788, died at Frankfurt in 1860. He finished The World as Will and Representation in 1818, at thirty; for decades it sold almost nothing. Lecturing at Berlin he set his hours deliberately against Hegel’s, drew almost no students, and gave it up. In 1851 the Parerga and Paralipomena appeared and made him suddenly famous, at sixty-three. He did not believe in God, and he is the first philosopher in the West to have read the Indian scriptures seriously: he kept a Latin version of the Upanishads on his desk and read in it at night. This volume rests on what he wrote himself, not on another man’s record of him. He set up the Will as the ground of everything. That assertion was not reached by looking: from verse 13 of chapter two he says himself that the step is taken by analogy and is not a second seeing. The Order neither deletes it nor sets it forward — it sets it down and marks where the inferring begins. What is taken from him is the several daily matters he drew out of it: representation, satisfaction, solitude, compassion, reading. He was not a good man: he pushed a seamstress down a flight of stairs and paid her monthly for the rest of her life. The Order records it and does not dress it up.

5.1Someone asks me: where is the root of morality?
5.2Not in a command. No one becomes good because he was instructed to.
5.3I say the root is compassion.
5.4Compassion is a very strange thing — strange enough that most people will not look at it closely.
5.5I see another man suffer, and I hurt.
5.6But the pain is in him and not in me. How is that possible?
5.7Only one account works: the boundary between him and me is not as solid as it looks.
5.8That boundary is drawn by this apparatus of mine. Outside the apparatus there may not be so many boundaries.
5.9The scripture has a sentence for the same fact: whatever once came out of one source is never truly parted. (cf. The Highest Covenant 4.1)
5.10I do not claim to have proved it. I say that compassion itself is the evidence that the boundary is not solid.
5.11For if it were solid, compassion could not work at all — by what road would another man’s pain get in?
5.12So when a man really pities, he is not doing a good deed. He has seen through something, briefly.
5.13That is why I put compassion in front of all the other virtues.
5.14Not because it is noble. Because it is the only one that comes from seeing rather than from being told.
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