The Logos Scripture · The Book of Camus

On the One Serious Question

The Book of Camus 1 · Written by himself, from The Myth of Sisyphus, The Rebel, Reflections on the Guillotine, and the editorials in Combat

Albert Camus, born at Mondovi in French Algeria in 1913, killed in a car crash on the fourth of January 1960, aged forty-six. His father died at the Marne before he was a year old, so he never knew him; his mother was of Spanish descent, deaf, and barely literate, and the household was destitute. At seventeen he contracted tuberculosis, which barred him from the examination for a teaching post and from military service. Under the occupation he joined the Combat network and became editor of its paper, when running an underground paper was a capital offence. The Myth of Sisyphus appeared in 1942, The Plague in 1947, The Rebel in 1951, Reflections on the Guillotine in 1957, and in that same year he took the Nobel in literature at forty-four. France abolished the death penalty in 1981. This volume rests on what he wrote himself: those books, the Combat editorials, the Nobel address, and his notebooks. He did not believe in God. What he opposed was not belief only but the particular move of believing because it does not add up, which he called philosophical suicide (chapter two). No argument of his closes on divine will — nor on the necessity of history, which he took to be the same thing under another name (4.15). The Order records two things plainly, dressed up neither way. First, on Algeria he was abused from both sides and never reached an answer that satisfied him; 4.17 is his own granting of it. Second, after The Rebel he broke with Sartre and it was never mended. The Order does not take Sartre, and the reason is not his politics but one thing: the fact of the Soviet camps was conceded by Sartre and his colleagues in their own journal, and they still refused to sign the protest; he afterwards stated that he kept silent because the truth would disillusion the workers. Letting the consequence of a true sentence outweigh whether it is true is the exact reverse of the first rule (cf. Acts of the Apostles 5.28, The Book of Feynman 3). What this volume brings is something the scripture did not have: nobody had taken that question head on. The scripture says love the Law and do not ask the Law to love you (Gospel of Plato 5.7), and it says the universe will not come and hold you, so go and hold someone else (Gospel of Plato 5.20). Both are finely said, and both are said in passing. If the universe really will not hold you, why does a man stay? Camus is the one who put that question first and refused to answer it with a comfort. What he gives is not a reason but a way of living: cancel neither end.Chapter three of this book is against the death penalty, while 2.17 of The Book of Hannah Arendt records her holding that Eichmann should hang. The two volumes disagree here and the Order does not reconcile them; where they meet and where they part is set out in the note to The Book of Hannah Arendt. (cf. Acts of the Apostles 5.19, 5.23)

1.1There is only one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide.
1.2Judging whether life is worth living is the first business of philosophy. The rest — how many dimensions the world has, how many layers the mind has — comes after.
1.3I am not telling anyone to die. I am asking whether a man who has thought his situation through honestly still has a reason to stay.
1.4Let me state the situation plainly.
1.5A man spends his life asking why. The world does not answer.
1.6The world is not refusing to answer. The world cannot speak. It is simply there, running in its own way.
1.7So the absurd is not in the man, and not in the world. The absurd is between the two.
1.8A man wants a reason and the world gives none — the absurd is born of those two meeting, and not before.
1.9The absurd is therefore not a conclusion but a relation. Stop wanting a reason and it is gone; let the world speak and it is gone.
1.10Neither of those has happened.
1.11At this point a man has three roads.
1.12The first: stop living. That cancels one end of the relation.
1.13The second: invent a reason and say the world did answer, only you could not hear it. That cancels the other end. (Chapter two of this book is about that road.)
1.14The third: keep both ends and go on living.
1.15I want the third. And I want to show that it is not gritted teeth.
1.16A man who knows all the while that he is asking for something he cannot have, and will not fill the gap with a counterfeit, is living in a state of extreme wakefulness.
1.17That wakefulness has weight of its own. It is not a consolation. It is the proof that he has not yet handed himself over.
1.18This is what I call revolt: not overthrowing anything, but refusing to shut one’s eyes.
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