The Logos Scripture · The Book of Russell

On the Teapot

The Book of Russell 2 · Written by himself, from his lectures, essays, prison writing and autobiography

Bertrand Russell, born at Trellech in Wales in 1872, died in Wales in 1970 at ninety-seven. Both his parents were dead before he was four, and his grandmother raised him. With Whitehead he wrote the three volumes of Principia Mathematica, meaning to set arithmetic on logic. In 1901 he found a contradiction in his own scheme and wrote to Frege about it; Frege, whose life’s work was then at the printer, added a paragraph at the end saying the foundation of his book had been shaken. In 1916 he was fined for defending a conscientious objector and Cambridge dismissed him; in 1918 an article put him in prison for six months, where he finished a book on the philosophy of mathematics. In 1940 the City College of New York appointed him and a court revoked the appointment on the ground of his views on morals. He took the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. In 1955 he and Einstein signed the manifesto urging the nations to give up such weapons (cf. The Book of Einstein). In 1961, at eighty-nine, he went to prison for a week for inciting civil disobedience. This volume rests on what he wrote himself, not on another man’s record of him. He did not believe and did not hide it: the lecture he gave in 1927 is called Why I Am Not a Christian. What this volume brings is something the scripture did not have: a man taking back in public what he had said, and showing the working of the retraction (chapter three). There are men here who changed (cf. The Book of Franklin), but none who ran the same reason twice and got two different answers.

2.1People say to me: you cannot prove that God does not exist.
2.2This is true. I cannot.
2.3Let me describe an object. When I have finished you will see what the remark is worth.
2.4Suppose I say that between the earth and Mars there is a china teapot going round the sun.
2.5It is very small, and no telescope we have could see it.
2.6You cannot prove it is not there.
2.7But if I then said we must suspend judgement, half for and half against, you would find that absurd, and you would be right.
2.8The burden of proof lies on the man who asserts, not on the man who doubts.
2.9This is not harshness. Without it there is no way to talk at all.
2.10For anything that can be imagined can be put the same way, and none of it could ever be overturned.
2.11Someone answers: but nobody believes in the teapot, and millions believe in God.
2.12That many believe shows only that the thing has been told long and taught early. It does not put the pot in the sky.
2.13I set myself one rule: it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true.
2.14I use that rule on other men, and on what I have written myself.
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