The Logos Scripture · The Book of Chandrasekhar

On Whose Loss Those Years Were

The Book of Chandrasekhar 4 · Written by himself, from An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure, the Nobel address, and his writings on the conduct of learning

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, born at Lahore in 1910 (now in Pakistan), died at Chicago in 1995. Astrophysicist. His uncle C. V. Raman took the Nobel in physics in 1930. In that same year, aged nineteen, he sailed for England, and on the voyage worked out that a white dwarf cannot exceed about one and a half times the mass of the sun, beyond which nothing prevents its collapse. He read the result to the Royal Astronomical Society on the eleventh of January 1935; Eddington rose and called it a reduction of relativity to absurdity, and said there ought to be a law of Nature to stop a star behaving in that way. Eddington never, then or afterwards, identified a single wrong step in the calculation. In 1937 Chandrasekhar went to Chicago; in 1939 he published An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure, wrote the subject out in full, and moved to another. In 1983 he shared the Nobel in physics with Fowler, forty-eight years after that evening. He changed fields seven or eight times in his life, about ten years to each, writing one complete book and then leaving; the last was an account of Newton’s Principia for ordinary readers. This volume rests on what he wrote himself. In his own words: I am not religious in any sense; in fact I consider myself an atheist. He also said his attitude was probably coloured by his Hindu upbringing, in which the idea that as one grows older one should cultivate a sense of detachment had been of use to him — the setting-down recorded in chapter three is not unrelated to it. The Order records this as he put it and does not tidy it. What matters is that no argument of his closes on divine will. What this volume brings is something the scripture did not have: authority failing inside learning itself. There is Galileo here, and that is the church over enquiry (cf. The Book of Galileo); Bruno, and that is doctrine killing; Ambedkar, and that is law holding people down. The man recorded here was the best in his own field, had been generous to him, and meant no harm — he simply would not work the equations, and the room looked at him instead of at them. The last verse of chapter four is where the volume comes to rest: what a field has to fear is not that someone says a wrong thing, but that nobody will do the sum themselves. And one thing more the scripture lacked: a fourth answer to being wronged. Bruno would not recant, Ambedkar fought, Galileo signed, Arendt refused to withdraw. This man wrote the account out in full, published it, left the field, and let those who came after read the page. Forty-eight years later the page had won.

4.1In 1983 I was given the prize, and for exactly that sum I worked on the ship.
4.2It was forty-eight years after 1935.
4.3People have asked me: after all those years, do you hate him?
4.4I say: no. The question is aimed at the wrong place.
4.5He was a very great man. What he did I could not have done. His kindness to me was real, not a pretence.
4.6What he did that evening and the man himself are two different things. (cf. The Book of Marie Curie 5.15)
4.7The account I want drawn up is not how much I was wronged. It is a different account.
4.8Had that line been taken up by the field in 1935, what came afterwards would have come many years earlier.
4.9What lies beyond the collapse could have been pursued decades sooner.
4.10And what was eventually found there is among the most important things in the subject.
4.11So the loss of that evening was not mine. It was the subject’s.
4.12I lost some years and a little face. The subject lost decades.
4.13Here is what I want to say: one very fine man, on the strength of his standing, saying this is preposterous, can hold down a correct thing for decades.
4.14He need have no ill intent. He need only decline to work the arithmetic, while everyone else looks at him instead.
4.15So I do not blame him alone. If blame is to be laid, lay it on the whole room that laughed with him — not one of them went home and worked my equations through.
4.16What a field has to fear is not that someone says a wrong thing. What it has to fear is that nobody will do the sum themselves.
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